California Condor Essays - Cathartidae, New World Vultures

California Condor The natural environment of the modern world has been under siege for the better part of the past century. This has been due to many factors. The waste produced by an ever-expanding human population has tainted much of the natural resources available to both humans and animals alike. Efforts to curb this waste output and to more effectively dispose of the waste have failed in the mainstream. The constant change of the common environment instituted by humans who have collectively sought to modify their own habitat has exacted a high toll on the available habitat for lesser creatures. Constant waste production, poor disposal, and habitat encroachment have combined to render the balance of the natural world asunder. "The delicate and intricate balance of the natural world has been damaged by a dominant species that has commonly disregarded its inherent responsibility to garnish its actions concurrent with the world it shares with the rest of nature" (Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species. p3). An all too common result of this imbalance is the expiration of entire species of animals that are dependent on precious resources. Historically, the presence of humans McNulty 2 has exponentially accelerated the natural rate at which fringe species have met with extinction. Modern humans have followed their own ancient precedent in this regard. "Recorded evidence of early human settlement has shown that human presence alone had accelerated extinction rates to several times its natural rate" (Center for the Reproduction of Endangered Species. p4). However, it is a different precedent that modern humans have sought with the advent of a new and more complete awareness of our collective role as the dominant species. Several recent advances in waste treatment are offering alternatives to the usual high-output, wasteful societal paradigm. Although habitat encroachment continues to be a source of great conflict between the human population and the animal world, the human race has begun in earnest to attempt restoration of some species that have fallen casualty to pollution, encroachment, or both. Although success has been limited, these restorative efforts represent a reckoning on the behalf of humans with their place in the natural order. One of the most successful of these programs concerns the California Condor. This magnificent species had all but disappeared from its natural range due to the human presence. With the recently recorded demise of the California Condor's natural population came the effort to repopulate selected areas of habitat with captively breed condors. McNulty 3 THE STUDY OF THE CALIFORNIA CONDOR The California Condor is a remarkable species of scavenging birds indigenous primarily to California. Early studies showed populations of condors ranging from the rocky coastal areas to the interior mountains. In the early 1900s, sightings of these majestic birds, although reclusive in nature, were commonplace. Early in the 1900s, serious scientific studies began on the California Condors. There were many successful studies in the wild, and there was increasing interest from the scientific community. In 1939, the naturalist Carl Koford first began a careful scientific study of these condors in the wild. Carefully documented field studies yielded a wealth of information about a species in the American West that had previously eluded the scientific eye. One development resulting from the study of Carl Koford was the establishment of the exact nature of the diet of these birds. Although known to be primarily scavengers, it was learned just how well adapted these birds are at finding and discriminating suitable prey. It was learned that the primary feeding times were during daylight hours, with most activity centering near noon. They were observed feeding on carcasses in all states of decay, and even competing with other more aggressive species for rights to a kill. Their bills are exquisitely adapted to tearing animal flesh, and their digestive systems are specially suited to digesting rotting flesh. Condors were not known to have attacked live prey, and the diet of condors was found to have been an assortment McNulty 4 of carcasses found throughout the feeding range. "Condors were found to have spent an average of fifteen hours a day at the roosting site, and even more hours on days of inclement weather" (Grossman. p38). These studies also produced the first scientific measure of the social structure of these birds. Their population had come under suspicion during this time, and the population count during this time seemed to prove their decline. The territories of these birds were found to be wide stretching, often including several hundred miles. The ability of these birds to roam these territories in search of food was found to be

Article Summary Essays

Article Summary Essays Article Summary Essay Article Summary Essay The article â€Å"Marketing: A ‘Little House’ Makeover† by Karen Springen discusses 75th anniversary of ‘Little House’ books. She assumes that books shouldn’t be judged by their cover only. Karen admits that this month the photos of models were used on the cover pages instead of Garth Williams’ illustrations. The executive editor of publishing house says that those illustrations are out-of-date and they â€Å"wanted to convey the fact that these are action-packed†. Therefore, the article discusses changes to be introduced in cover art. It is noted that nowadays the publishers are willing to alter cover art, because children are more interested in video and computer games. It is suggested that kids grasp faster cover pages with, for example, Dakota Fanning rather than with a girl with a pig. The author provides different opinions toward the idea to alter cover art. Children aren’t really attracted by pictures and illustrations which were loved by their fathers and mother. For contemporary children such illustrations appear â€Å"musty and dusty†. The author asserts that children prefer to read book when the main heroes are pictured on the cover page. Real people are better suited for today’s children than drawings. Many drawings are re-illustrated and artists are trying to make them as contemporary as it is possible to meet the demands and desires of contemporary audience. Nevertheless, the factor of nostalgia is present and drawing remain to show parents their past and to make them share books with their families. Article Summary Essays Article Summary Essay Article Summary Essay Article Summary Name of Article: What Are The Benefits of Aromatherapy Source of Article: http://whydir.com/articledetail.phpartid=95088catid=75 Date of Article: March 08, 2008 Summary: In this article it speaks about aromatherapy. According to this article, the key in order to understand what aromatherapy is lies in the use of aromatic oils and liquids. Also, others define aromatherapy as a form of alternative medicine that made use of volatile liquids called the essential oils and may also include the use of other aromatic materials with the objective of influencing the mood of one person or the patient. When saying that it makes you wonder how can oil and liquids are any form of therapy. Well according to the article, a French chemist by the name of Rene-Maurice Gattefosse was the one who came up with the term aromatherapy. After being burned on his arm in a laboratory and some way his arm was thrust near the lavender oil. Gattefosse observed a relief and the burn healed swiftly with less marks and with the smallest amount of pain just by him trusting his arms on some lavender oil. This development directed Gattefosse to work on essential oils as an alternative to known medicines. This article also speaks about patients who have claustrophobic. Now, you may wonder what the use of aromatic oils and liquids could have to do with people who fear being closed in. Well based on the researches as the Sloan-Kettering, aromatherapy reduces the attacks on claustrophobic patients that undergo MRI scans. And then it could be that they feel so relax that all the fear just goes away. To conclude, when reading this article the thought whatâ„ ¢s the point of using aromatherapy. I thought itâ„ ¢s not anything but aromatic oils and liquids being used on a patient for relaxation from a fear and whatever else its used for. But one thing I have truly learn from this article is that the effect and the benefits of aromatherapy on one person is not due to the chemicals that are found to be interacting with the persons senses, rather the oil contains the refinement of the life force of the plant that can help balance the energies of the body and at the same time promote healing.

Presentation,Practice and Production approach to language teaching Dissertation

Presentation,Practice and Production approach to language teaching between the critiques and the proposed alternative methods - Dissertation Example Cook (2011) maintained that the term foreign language refers to â€Å"a language acquired in a milieu where it is normally in use† (p. 140). Meanwhile, a second language may be defined as â€Å"one that becomes another tool of communication alongside the first language †¦ [and] is typically acquired in a social environment in which it is actually spoken† (Cook, 2011, p. 140). The aforementioned distinction, therefore, is grounded on two dimensions: social and location. The social dimension deals with meeting the communicative need of the learner whereas the location dimension has something to do with the usage of the language in the native locale of the learner (Cook, 2011). Richards and Rodgers (2001) emphasized that current issues in language teaching has been around for centuries and has remained unchanged. Throughout the centuries, the study of foreign languages has shifted importance from one language to the next. In a world where six out of ten individuals sp eak a language which is different from their mother tongue, speaking two or more languages has become the norm rather than an exception. Five hundred years ago, Latin was the prominent language used for education, commerce, religion, and government, particularly in the Western World. During the 16th century, other languages rose to prominence such as French, Italian, and English. These languages eventually supplanted Latin as the language of choice for verbal and written communication (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). Though Latin was relegated as a subject of study in schools, it has become a model for instruction for foreign languages. Instruction was composed of grammar rules, declensions and conjugations, translation, and writing sample sentences. In addition, parallel bilingual texts and dialogues are utilized in teaching. For modern languages, the mode of instruction remained the same in most aspects. Students are provided textbooks on abstract grammar rules, vocabulary lists, and sentences for translation. However, this approach was grounded on the grammatical system of the language, limiting its ability to facilitate genuine communication. This traditional approach to foreign language instruction was referred to as the grammar-translation method (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). In the United States, the grammar-translation method was known as the Prussian method, due to its German scholarly origins. This method has seven characteristics: (1) the goal of foreign language study is grounded on mental discipline and intellectual development; (2) reading and writing is prioritized over speaking or listening; (3) vocabulary instruction is confined to reading bilingual word lists, dictionary study, and memorization; (4) the sentence is the basic unit of teaching and practice; (5) accuracy is prioritized; (6) grammar instruction is deductive in nature; and (7) the speakers native language is utilized as the medium of instruction (Richards and Rodgers, 2001). The gram mar-translation method was widely used for European and foreign language instruction until the 1940s. However, it has been subject to much criticism, mainly on the grounds that its approach to teaching foreign languages mostly involved pointless memorization of vague grammar rules and vocabulary, and translation of stilted or literary prose, much to the frustration of countless students. Mounting opposition to this approach led to the development of new methods of

Miss Brill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Miss Brill - Essay Example Both the young boy and his girl-friend express their emotions; the boy refers to Miss Brill, as â€Å"the stupid old thing,† stating further, "Why does she come here at all—who wants her? Why doesnt she keep her silly old mug at home?" (Mansfield 857). The plot of the story provides meaning to the theme of loneliness, starting from Miss Brill â€Å"decided on her fur†¦Dear little thing! It was nice to feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Relatively, there were more people than the previous Sunday. She shares her talk to herself alone about the various characters of the play she feels she is also a part. In a way, the storyline reveals the tragedy of a middle-aged teacher who assumes to be an active participant to the whole scenario of people and the company of band. She feels that she can relate herself to the surrounding, as she enjoys listening and guessing the responses of other characters but the lover couple shatters her belief when the girl giggles, "Its her fu-ur which is so funny." The theme is beautifully stated till the end of the story in third person (Mansfield 857). Characterization and setting extends the theme of loneliness, rejection, and isolation beautifully. The performance of musical band also depended on the setting. If the season was on, tunes were played without any callousness, but during out-of-season times, the performance of the band was as if â€Å"there weren’t any strangers present† (Mansfield 855). The conductor also wears â€Å"a new coat†¦flapped his arms as if a rooster about to crow.† The musicians were also full of spirit due to the new season. The narrator reveals her mind through the character of the Englishman’s wife whom her husband insists to wear gold rims covering her ears so that her glasses do not fall down, and she negates the idea, remarking, "Theyll always be sliding down my nose!" Miss Brill also wanted to do the

Supplier evaluationfor achieving long-term performance Essay

Supplier evaluationfor achieving long-term performance - Essay Example outside the business then it follows that the biggest opportunities for improvement in their cost position will also be found in that wider supply chain (Christopher, 2005). Having the right suppliers ultimately makes a significant difference to an organization’s future in reducing operational costs and improving the quality of its end products, whereas having the wrong suppliers can cause operational and financial problems (Zeydan, Colpan and Cobanoglu, 2011). This has led firms to focus on improving their supply chain by continuously evaluating the performances of their suppliers. To achieve this, firms are increasingly building collaborative relationships with partners in their supply chain in order to achieve efficiencies, flexibility, and a competitive advantage (Whipple, Lynch, and Nyaga 2009). Such a relationship which involves collaborative activities, such as information sharing, joint relationship effort, and dedicated investments leads to trust and commitment. Trust and commitment in turn lead to improved satisfaction and performance. Unlike a transactional relationship where there is only a simple exchange between buyer and supplier, where the supplier provides goods or services and the buyer provides money in payment, the collaborative approach that firms are adopting allows the buyer organization to seek to develop a long-term relationship with the supplier. The strategic view is that the buyer organization and the supplier share common interests, and both benefit from seeking ways of adding value in the supply chain. There is a win-win situation, where buyer, supplier and end-customer can all benefit (CIP, 2010). However, in order for the buyer to keep track of these relationships and assess the supplier performance, an evaluation process must be in place (Stueland, 2004). It is quite understandable why companies today turn to buyers to reduce costs because good buyers will reduce the overall costs suffered by their organization. In turn, this

The left realist perspective on crime

The left realist perspective on crime This assignment is about how realism define crime,it causes and how these crimes could be prevented.There are numerous crime theories, example labelling theory,life course theory,anomie theory an so forth.All of the above mentioned theories have different views in the definition of crime,it causes and prevention.This essay will talk about realism theory in particular on how they do define crime.its causes and prevention.There are two types of realism theories and these are left and right realism but for the purpose of this assignment left realism will be the key area that will be discussed on how property crime like shoplifting its causes and how it could be prevented. Left realism sees crime as a real problem for ordinary people and explains it through analysis, social and economic relationships, and how some groups become marginalised. In one regard, the left realists do share some degree of agreement with the radical theorists in that it is common ground that crime is a reaction to an unjust society (Lea and Young, 1984:45). Emergence as a means of explaining its main principles in respect of how the left realists see the causes of crime and its prevention methods. It will also identify its criminological perspectives with which it conflicts with other theories like right realism and the theory of anomie.One of the basic dogmas of the left realism is that criminals offences other than white collar crimes are serious problems and they demand to be explained and tackled.Left realist counter a number of arguments which criminologist have gone on to suggest that such offences are grievous.Jock Young(1993) argued that there has been a substantial and significance increase in street crimes since World War Two. In one regard, the left realists do share some degree of agreement with the radical theorists in that it is common ground that crime is a reaction to an unjust society (Lea and Young, 1984:45). However, on that point is also disagreement in that, unlike radical criminologists, left realists do not imagine that the criminal should not be blamed for responding by engaging in offending behavior. Offense is one form of egoistic response to loss. Its roots are injustice, but its growth often perpetrates injustice (Lea and Young, 1984:72). Lea and young believed that deprivation will only contribute to crime where it is known as relative deprivation. A group experiences relative deprivation when it feels deprived in comparism to other similar groups or when its prospects are not touched. It is not the fact of being deprived as such, only the touch of privation which is significant. Lea and Young (1984) point to a group army of young unemployed for whom a collective violence and the tempora ry ascendancy over their territory through riots is a substitute for organized crimes. Lea and Young suggested that culture and subjective meanings also have to be critically analyzed. Relative deprivation may be defined as the experience of being deprived of something to which one believes oneself to be entitled (Walker and Smith 2001). According to Runciman (1966) he argued hat the poor became aware of the scale of difference between them and the rich through political revolutions. Lea and Young asserted that not just unemployment or poverty lead to the cause of crime, it is when the feelings of resentment of the people what they could actually earn compared to their expectations which leads them to perpetrate a felonious crime. While single causes of crime are rejected, they argue that much is brought about by relative deprivation.This does not mean deprivation in itself produces crime as there is no clear evidence to substantiate this argument and such argument neglects white collar crime (Lea and Young 1993).Left realists believe that most group in a society have different expectations which are connected to what they feel they deserve.They may compare their s ituations with other members in the society whom they would expect to equal.If these expectations are not met ,they may feel deprived not absolutely but relatively.Unemployed youth in society may feel relatively deprived when they compare themselves with employed youth in the same society and this may lead them to frustration because they might feel for them being unemployed is not their fault and this can lead them in engaging them to commit property crimes such as shoplifting. The second facet of causes of crimes in left realistic perspective is marginalisation.Lea and Young argued that marginalisation means the process by which certain groups find themselves on the edge of society.Black and white working class youth sometimes feel alienated by the police force,educational institutions ,low- wages and unemployment.Young peole, example those in black community do face some level of marginalisation through prejudice and harassment example military police (stop and search) and they asserted that this may be the â€Å" straw that breaks the camel back†. Economic marginalisation that have been created by upper class in the society are transferred in criminal acts like committing property crime example shoplifting. The third problem of the left realist identified as a cause to crimes such as property crime is the problem of subculture. Lea and young argued that subculture of blacks is distinctly different from their parents who largely acceptd their marginalised position in society.Black people in a society example those in subculture has got aspirations and high expectations in life that is they always try to use status symbols like acquiring flashy cars , buying expensive clothings and the use of costly mobile phones and other expensive gadgets. Because black youth is so closely enmeshed in values of consumption style, and wealth, this is precisely why they engage in committing crime because of blocked opportunities.Lea and Young see subcultures as the collective solutions to groups problem.So, if a group of people share a sense of relative deprivation,they develop lifestyles which allow them to cope with this problem.Nevertheless,a particular subculture is not an automatic,inevitable respons e to a solution; Human creativity will allow a mixture of resolutions to be developed. These are the three main causes the left realist identified as causes of crimes.The left realists did not only focus on the offender as compared to some other theories.They did go beyong the scope of the offender and showed concerns for the victim patterns and formal and informal as well.They did so by explaining the square of crime which are the Offender, Victim,State and lastly the internal controls.Lea and Young argued that there must be interrelationship between these four elements before crime could be understood. Above all, these causes left realism adopted some approaches as a prevention methods to curb the growing of crime.Left realist believe that for crimes to be prevented ,there must be a considerable attention by focusing on practical measures .In Losing the Fight Agaisnt Crime(1986), Jock Young,Richard Kinsey and John Lea suggested the ways policing could be changed.Lea ,Young and Kinsey contended that the key to police success lies in improving relationships with the community so that stream of data which the police rely increases.To accomplish this ,they suggested minimal policing should be adopted.Even though,he indicated that the public should establish priorities for the police.Young also identified some sectors which he believes are under-policed and over-policed.Young thought the state and the police force spend too much of their time and energy in tackling certain types of crimes and not enough to others.This type of approach to policing warp the stats as to the genuineness nat ure of crime. Young and Lea also suggested that for offenses to be foreclosed, there must be some prioritization of social justice programs of crime prevention. When groups in a society feel that the law treats everyone in the same society, irrespective of ethnic origin, gender, race, etc. they forget the presence of marginalisation and as such for them (lower-class) thinking that they have been prejudiced will be out of context. This will not create any social misconduct in the society henceforth prevent committing of criminal offenses. Another prevention methods the left realists adopted was the idea of prison sentences should be longer than usual which will create a solution rising crime rates.They also believed that for crimes to be prevented , the powers of the police force should be increased (Formal social Control).They did also suggested that there should be more informal social controls such as quality housing, improvement of social services,good job prospects,quality community areas like play areas; which all these create a sense of belongings. The left realists also suggested that there should be pre-emptive deterrence (situational and social target hardening) should be adopted in order to control or prevent crimes.To prevent crimes from left realists perspective involves intervention of each part of the crime at the level of factors which give putative offender (such as structural unemployment), the formal organisation (such as lack of public mobilisation),the victim (such as inadequate target hardening) and the formal systems (such as ineffective policing) (Young,1986:41). Above all,Feminist criminological theorists have been critical of left realism in its tackling both of female criminal behaviour and its failure to explain the crimes that are traditionally viewed as targeting women,such as rape.Precisely,as it could be criticised for neglecting to offer an adequate account of different types of criminal behaviour.Left realism was accused of an overly one-dimensional focus on youth,male,working-class criminal behaviour to the detriment f offenders from other socio-demographic backgrounds.Female criminality is largely unaddressed and moreover,exposes a central weaknes in one of the key principlesof left realism.Evenly, it difficult to see how left realism can explain sexual crimes against women unless it comes within the same class of violent offences that are the result of frustration following a failure to achieve legitimate success.This appears an extremely tenuous argument for such complex crimes and in any case,left realist have tended not engros s with the issue of rape to any degree thus the explanation remains speculative(Heidensohn,1985). To conclude,the left realists see the causes of crime example property crime(shoplifting) are relative deprivation,marginalisation,and subculture which all these constitute the causes of crime.They also suggested some approaches which must be practised in order to prevent crimes from happening.They suggested formal social control measures thus the police should be given more powers to carry out their duties effectively and efficiently and also suggested longer prison sentences to avert crimes from rising.Lastly they suggested informal social control measures like good job prospects,quality housing and quality community areas like playing grounds for belongingness.

Hinduism and Buddhisn Essay -- Religion, Karma, Krishna

Two major religious paths found in the Indian subcontinent are Hinduism and Buddhism (LR, 37). Hinduism is seen as a polytheistic and a monotheistic tradition that evolved from other Indian religious traditions. Hinduism is also known as Sanatana Dharma whose goal is to achieve moksha and live life according to the Dharma (LR, 43). Buddhism is a nontheistic religion that is based on the teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha, known as the Dharma, which offers a path to enlightenment by practicing compassion and achieving liberation from suffering (LR, 72). Hinduism today is known as Sanatana Dharma, which means eternal religion, law, cosmic order, and duty. This tradition began in the Vedic Age around the Indus Valley in India where it is said that the Vedas were created orally, but the orgins of the Vedas remains unclear. The Vedas were first written down around 1500 BCE and consist of collections of hymns containing of four parts: the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas and the Upanishads (LR, 39-41). The Samhitas consist of hymns worshiping Vedic gods, the Brahmanas explain the meaning of rituals and sacrifices and provide instructions for performing these acts, the Aranyakas contain philosophical texts that are known as forest treatises, and finally the Upanishads, which is comprised of sophisticated philosophy that explains personal transformation that results from ritual participation. The Rig Veda is the oldest scripture of the Vedas which praises the four devas: Indra (the god of thunder and rain), Agni (the god of fire), S oma (a sacred drink) and Ushas (the goddess of dawn). The Upanishads were written by rishis, who were thought to be human forms of Brahman (the Supreme god), that express the principles of Sanatana Dharma.... ... five precepts (notes). Mahayana, the path of compassion and wisdom, is the second major school of Buddhism who regards the Buddha as a universal principle with three bodies. The first body has no form and encompasses the wisdom of the Buddha, the second is the body of bliss and emphasizes the Dharma, and the third is the body of transformation, in which the Buddha takes on many forms to help human beings achieve liberation from suffering (LR, 83). The Mahayanasutras are the scriptures followed that honor the Pali Canon, emphasizing the importance of religious experience (LR, 82). One form of Mahayana are bodhisattvas, future buddhas who are devoted to liberating others from suffering without having to leave society to do so. One important aspect of a bodhisattva is compassion for others, an important Buddha teaching that emphasizes on the idea on no-Self (notes).

Implementation of School Uniform

Argumentative Essay Implementation of School Uniform Students spend most of their time at school. They are very conscious about their over-all looks especially in the school. When it comes to appearance, clothes and style are one of the best and easiest ways to express themselves, and by all odds helps people to understand of who they really are. Even so, there has been an ongoing debate on whether school uniforms should be completely abolished in all schools or uniforms should become a compulsory to all educational institutions.Despite both pros and cons of this issue, I personally stick to the idea that school uniforms should be introduced in all public and private schools. Some important points to consider why they should require students to wear school uniform in all schools are the following: security in wearing uniform and promotes equality among students. Safety is among the most important duties of a school. To wear a certain school uniform may help reduce distractions and im prove school safety.For example, there will be less bullying and degrading to every student. Sometimes, children who cannot afford the latest fashion are ridiculed by their peers. Uniforms can also prevent students from wearing inappropriate clothing inside the campus that is sexually, illegally, etc. Another thing is when the students are required to wear matching uniforms; they are easily distinguishable from other groups. For an instance, it is easier to notice students while out on field trips and other outings because they are wearing uniform.Most importantly, it is harder for terrorists or trespassers to enter the school vicinity and do harm to anyone. Moving on to my second point, wearing uniform promotes equality between students. Wearing school uniform removes social barriers and put everyone equally on the ground. Itprovides a sense of belongingness to each and everyone inside the campus, it also provides students the opportunity to be accepted and included. And lastly, we aring school uniforms destress clothing as a means of conformity. It encourages equal environment in school by imiting socioeconomic difference among students. It may reduce bullying, teasing and cliques to students who can’t afford. As a whole, having a certain uniform in the school is a great solution. Wearing the same clothes provides security for students so as the faculty, the school in whole and advocates the sense of equality to everyone. That helps the individual to feel like they belong rather than they don’t fit at all. In my own point of view, school uniform should be implemented in all schools, both public and private for it is a good idea.

The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Essay Example

The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Essay Example The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Paper The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte Paper Essay Topic: Things Fall apart First, how did Napoleon rise up and embrace his conquering persona? Second, how did Napoleons greatest flaws lead him to crash and burn towards the end of his life, but what does a great leader truly consist of? The definition of a good leader can go on and on, but there were specific details that made Napoleon rise as a conqueror, and also things that led to his inevitable downfall. In his life, Napoleon proved that he was not a person to be made an enemy of. There are many qualities that Napoleon held that made him the leader we know from history books. Many people argue that Napoleons quality as a commander led him to both his success and his downfall. Early in Napoleon! Career, he gained trust and support from many people by showing that he was for the people. Bonaparte made a display of republican virtues; cautiously avoiding all ostentation, and in this respect, put himself on a footing of perfect quality with persons of ordinary standards in society. 1 Napoleon created a reputation for himself and gained support of the pope. Smart man like Bonaparte knew that he needed to have the support of the people. In his career, whether it was just a normal citizen, or a soldier, Napoleon had a way with his words to gain supporters. Bonaparte played HTH ole of what politicians do today, which is to say what the people want to hear. For example, Napoleon preached about equality and liberty constantly so the hopes of the people and soldiers are constantly renewed. 2 Some people even thought of him as a military genius. 3 He made smart and spontaneous decisions on a battlefield. In addition, Napoleon also was adept at organizing and rounding up his troops. He built moral for his troops by constantly encouraging them, and gave the soldiers medals as a positive reinforcement for their work. He proposed that a medal should be given to IM, with a sum of money, and in his honor he established a prize of sixty thousand francs, to be awarded to anyone who should make a discovery. 4 This example shows that Bonaparte not only gave medals to his soldiers, but also gifts of francs. Besides the anticipation of rewards, his charisma made him a leader people could willingly follow. These are one of the successful traits Napoleon had that led him to become a leader that was admired. He was well respected, because he constantly rewarded people for hard work, and he constantly raised people up. This is what a good successful leader olds on to. One Napoleonic scholar calculated that Napoleon had only lost out of 34 battles between 1792 and 181 5, during which he became a very powerful man. Carl von Casualties even hailed Napoleon as, the God of War. 5 With a record of accomplishment that fearsome, it is easy to see why many people were afraid of Napoleon, other than the sheer size of his army. With that name, Napoleon became well known and feared among the nation in Europe. Whenever a battle would break out, Napoleon would focus not on conquering the land, but on how to destroy the opposing army. There are n. Recipe or definite rules, Napoleon also stated, the art of war is simple, everything is a matter of execution. 6 Napoleon always had a clear goal, he believed that good timing and improvisation was all that was necessary. In this nature, Napoleon was successful. He always led in smart tactical ways, but also made adjustments according to what was best. Some people even might say he was more lucky than clever, but many of Napoleons battles were won by planning, but more importantly smart improvising. Napoleon made decisions based off of what he thought was best, he excelled at peopling his resources, using a keen understanding of terrain to slowly take key areas. 8 This was until later in his life, when he lost some Of his sharpen* as he became increasingly obsessed with conquering Europe, and with many years of war under his belt, his body could only take on so much. While in power, Napoleon established himself as a skilled as legislator and diplomat, study of these achievements could rival those of his campaigns for size and depth, but it is seen that his talents were deeply flawed and even fervent supporters admit that Napoleon made mistakes. G During the 1 sass, Napoleon was established as the First Consul, he was a dictator with a constitution written protecting his power. Without an extraordinary capacity for work, no man could have done this. Napoleon would work until eleven oclock at night, and be up again at three in the morning. Frequently he slept but an hour, and came back as fresh as ever. No secretary could keep up to him, and his ministers sometimes went to sleep in the Council, worn out with the length of the session. Come, citizen ministers, he would cry, we must earn the money the French nation gives us. 10 As you can see, Napoleon used his power somewhat responsibly. He preached to his ministers that the would have to use the French nations tax money usefully, and not waste it. He slept for very little and showed that he was very ambitious. Napoleon was not the best legislative leader, but he did a good job. Bonaparte wanted to create a great and strong country for the French. Even though later on in his career many people said, he became very power hungry. After years of battle, in order to fill the gaps of the empire, Napoleon was forced to start recruiting less skilled men. With the recruitment of less skilled men, tactics became less sophisticated and more wasteful in terms of human lives. Napoleon still gained success, but at the lost of great casualties. 11 Later on IR Napoleons campaign, he started sacrificing quality for numbers; this was a slow start to his slow downfall. In 181 2, he decided to start attacking Russia, with a vast army numbering in the six hundred thousand. An army like that is very hard to control and hard to feed. Napoleon was aiming to take the Russian army head on, because he would dominate the battle that way, but the Russians just kept retreating. They would slash and burn everything while they retreated, so the French would be traveling in the cold and at the same mime be without food. 1 2 Napoleon saw this, yet he didnt turn around and postpone the invasion, instead he kept going. His pride would not let him turn around, even though his men were losing moral and starving. The invasion of Russia, greatly hindered Napoleons power at the time. The success of many great leaders sometimes comes from a very humble beginning, but in the midst of all these years of battle, Bonaparte became very obsessed with gaining more and more power, that he forgot what he started with and lost power slowly. Heavy campaign after heavy campaign took a toll on his troops and himself as a person. If you see portraits of Napoleon, his health is clearly deteriorating. The emperors refusal to acknowledge anything except French self-interest eventually drove the other powers to reorganize and to coalesce for long enough to ensure his defeat. His inability to compromise forced them to conclude that there was no prospect of a lasting settlement and that therefore renewed war was the only course of action. 1 3 The quote clearly states that, Napoleon was a great leader to the French, but beca me self centered, because he started to try to conquer everything near him. Instead of making friends, he made enemies all around him. His hunger for power caused countries to form together and fight against him. This is one of the great flaws Napoleon had towards the end of his career. Bonaparte never compromised; he always strives to get what he wants. Towards the end of his long career, Napoleon had many countries against him. The dominance of Napoleon and the war of 1813 and 1814 united all the European nations, summoned by their monarchs and fired by the call of freedom and citizenship. 14 The quote stated that, because of Napoleons great power all these countries gathered together just to defeat Napoleon. Napoleon did eave allies for a certain time, but these allies were more allies made, because they feared the power of Napoleon. The allies lay on the right bank of the Rhine. The battle of Aviators had given the Spanish boundary to Wellington, and the English and Spanish armies were on the frontier. The allies that remained with the French were not to be trusted. All Europe was marching with us a year ago, Napoleon said; to-day all Europe is marching against us. 1 5 This quote states that during this battle to Wellington, the general talked about how their allies from a year ago, had become enemies. This was al from Napoleons selfishness to seek the best for the French. His single- minded patriotism led him to fall into a pattern he normally strays from. Napoleon was the first man to help perpetuate a European wide warfare that lasted for 20 years. 1 6 Just think about how Napoleon started out as normal general and eventually became one of the most feared persons in all of Europe. After seeing many success Napoleon had as a military and political leader. Napoleons great success was inevitably shattered by the later times in his conquests. He had serious flaws, we learned that Napoleon was very good t fighting decisive battles. It was proven in Russia that Napoleon seems to have lost his cool by chasing Russia with no steady food supply. The more serious flaw in Napoleons intellectual makeup was his impatience, his low boredom threshold, his sacrifice of reason in favor of imagination and his desire to make policy on the wing, to improvise and to sacrifice simple solutions for more complicated. 17 It can be seen throughout his lifetime that Napoleon was impatient and always wanted to jump into battle and improvise through everything. It is seen early in his career, that people were often thrown off guard and Napoleon was proven successful. It was until later in Napoleons career that these habits started to stab him in the back. His impatience proved to be a fatal flaw in his career, this led to the fall of his army when he split into two fronts. Even with early success in his strategies, as great leaders must learn, people must change with the times and cure needs Of the world. As we can see, Napoleon Bonaparte was a great milt leader. He had an almost never-ending list of success. Bonaparte proved he had many traits of a great leader. He was devoted, loyal to the nation, was easy to follow. Napoleon had charisma of a great leader. Many soldier followed him to their death, because of what he spoke and preached ABA Napoleon was truly a great leader, but in the end, he did fall. He made mistakes that many great generals make. Bonaparte underestimated his enemies when he split his army in two fronts. After splitting into two frown Napoleon struggled. Even when conquered and exiled, Napoleon still can back and tried to fight in Waterloo, 18 where he lost tragically. Overall Napoleon proved he was a strong and great leader, but in the end his owl pride, impatience and greed led to his inevitable downfall. Notes . Array Edward Marmoreal.

Marijuana a new medicine essays

Marijuana a new medicine essays In society today, there are many serious diseases that plague nations all across the world. Diseases like Glaucoma, Epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, and migraine headaches. What do all of these serious illnesses have in common? Every one of theses sicknesses can be cured or helped by the use of Marijuana. Throughout this paper I will discuss the positive aspects of Marijuana and the negative aspects. This issue has been raising a lot of eyebrows ever since scientific evidence has been provided that links Marijuana to the cure and decrease of certain illnesses. The main reason that Marijuana has been looked down upon by so many people for so long is because many individuals abuse the drug. An obvious setback to legalizing marijuana for medicinal uses is that the number of people that abuse the drug will undoubtedly increase. Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world, and there is an estimated 67 million people affected by this disease in the world today (National Academy of Sciences.) Effective treatment for glaucoma involves pharmaceutical agents or surgical procedures that prevent progressive optic nerve damage. For surgery to be an effective way of therapy, a drug or surgical procedure that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) must do so without causing more damage to the eye. Marijuana can reduce IOP when administrated orally, or by inhalation (Marijuana and Medicine.). Marijuana is a natural way to slow down the progression of glaucoma. Marijuana should be legalized in all states just for the main purpose of helping those who are infected with the serious disease of Glaucoma. Sixty percent of people who are affected by epilepsy can benefit from Marijuana. To this day it is still considered to be the best medication for many types of epilepsy and for most victims that have epileptic seizures. The use of Marijuana for epilepsy is not fully understood yet. Scientist don ...

Career Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Career Portfolio - Essay Example After graduation, my goal is to secure a job in the field of human resource management while looking into the possibility of further studies for specialization in the field. Before I go back to China, I would like to be able to gain both work experience and academic knowledge here in the UK. Cameron (2009) presented a model to guide aspirants of successful careers that is founded on positive thinking. The first step is knowing oneself and that includes one’s skills, strengths and weaknesses. Once that is achieved, the aspirant searches for potential employers whose organization will benefit from the aspirant’s skills. Next is being able to present oneself professionally with evidence of such skills. In time, the aspirant will gain more knowledge and experience and he will be able to present himself successfully. I believe that Cameron’s model will be able to help me chart my career and this career portfolio assignment is a good start. It will comprise the first s tep of knowing myself through self-analysis by reflecting on my own skills, strengths and weaknesses. This assignment will also plan out my strategy in finding potential employers and how I can present myself professionally to them to increase my chances of being accepted for internship. Industry/Sector analysis Knowing about the industry one wants to join entails careful study and analysis. Human resource management (HRM) is the field I want to specialize in someday and this portion will highlight what HRM is all about. HRM has been ascribed an essential role in achieving the goals of organizations. Its rise had important implications on the recognition of workers. The competencies of employees have been given more notice in recruitment and selection as well as in training and development (Van Marrewijk & Timmers, 2003). Its strategic position as a sounding board for top management and facilitator and change agent in the restructuring and transformation processes of the company is equally balanced with its role as an important partner for employees. â€Å"Thus, the HRM function positions itself in two ways: as the architect of new organizational structures and work systems, and as coach in management development processes and companion of employees in turnaround processes† (Van Marrewijk & Timmers, 2003, p.174) HRM is also in charge of performance appraisals of the people working for the organization. Stone (2002) defines it as a vital tool for strategy execution by â€Å"providing a dynamic link to employee recruitment, selection, training and development, career planning, compensation and benefits, safety and health and industrial relations† (p.264). Further, Stone explains: It signals to managers and employees what is really important; it provides ways to measure what is important; it fixes accountability for behaviour and results; and it helps in improving performance. Finally, performance appraisal is necessary to defend the organisation ag ainst individuals who legally challenge the validity of management decisions relating to promotions, transfers, salary changes ,and, termination (p. 264) Being aware of people’s needs and skills, HRM goes beyond the appraisals and attempt to develop them professionally. Employee development has been identified as key to improving overall organizational effectiveness. Jacobs and Washington (2003) have defined it as thus: Employee development refers to an integrated set of planned programs, provided over a period of time, to help assure that all individuals have the competence

Growth and earnings per share Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Growth and earnings per share - Essay Example This reporting effects business operations in a positive manner by changing their course according to the report. Income growth helps organizations realize their profitability and income generation, according to this the stakeholders are given their share of profit in the form of more stocks or cash. This effects the business operations in a positive manner as they are pointing towards a positive direction. The earning per share helps the company decide the price of their stock, as the company's earning per share increases it becomes more profitable. EPS also helps tell the stakeholders the position of the company in the market and the risk associated with it. This effects the business operations of the company and they try to organize their operations according to the plans and strategy that are being implemented by the company. All these three revenue growth, income growth and earning per share are the fundamentals of the business and their overall impact on the business operations is to aware the management of the necessary changes that are required. Net profit and cash flow are two separate things that help in analyzing the business progress and where a company is heading to. These two also determine whether the company is a success or a failure. The two components help the company in organizing itself and predicting the future. Net profit is basically all the revenue minus cost of goods sold which equals to gross profit then we minus the operating expenses from the gross profit we get the net profit. Net profit is then used to pay the dividends to stake holders and save amount for future investments. Cash Flow: Cash flow is basically all the cash that is flowing into the company and all the cash that is going out of the company. Cash flow only includes current assets and mainly is cash related. The cash flow does not include the assets and other profit related aspects of the Income Statement. The difference between the two components is that net income indicates the money that has been generated by the company but cash flow only indicates the money flowing out and coming into the company, though both of the components have an important use for the business but are different from each other. If a company runs out of available cash it has problems paying employees and running business operations. Another major difference between profit and cash flow is that when a product is sold and as it may have been sold on credit the profit is realized immediately but the cash flow is recorded when the cash is received. The 2005 article "Understanding your Balance Sheet" describes three categories of assets. What are they Give examples of what belongs in each category. The balance sheet is an instrument that helps government know how much a company owns and how they are positioned. A balance sheet has all the assets on one side and the liabilities and capital on the other side. Both sides balance each other. The assets column mainly consists of three types of assets. Current Assets Current asset refer to those holdings of the company that can be easily liquefied and exchanged for cash. For example cash